Tag: Clarity Financial Services

A Good Business is Not Always a Good Investment

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To understand when a good business isn’t a good investment, you need to understand what makes a business good and how they are priced.

A Good Business
When we talk about investing, whether it be buying an optometric practice or a stock, a good business can be easily defined as one that shows revenue growth, easily pay its debts and generates sufficient income to pay its owners a dividend. A good optometric business should have full calendar bookings and illustrate a strong patient base. A good investable business should have the ability raise revenues to keep pace with inflation and the need to pay its people well. A good business should have a board of directors that have a clear vision for the future.

A Good Investment
The reason a good business isn’t necessarily a good investment is based on the price you pay. This is typically referred to as the Price per Earnings ratio for most investable business shares. When purchasing an optometric practice, we often refer to the “multiple”.

EBITA Multiples
Private businesses are typically sold in large portions rather than a share at a time. Regardless, the value of the business is often determined as a multiple of the earnings of that business, specifically the Earnings Before Interest expense, Taxes & Amortization.

However, what is included in expenses will vary. Currently, when selling from one doctor to another, a 3X multiple of EBITA is often used. However, when aggregator corporations are looking to buy, you will likely hear 5X, or higher, as a multiple being used.

I Like 5X Better than 3X
On the surface, a 5X multiple sounds better but it rarely represents a significant difference from the 3X multiple. I know, confusing. The biggest reason is that the calculation of EBITA will vary.

Typically, in a private sale, expenses deducted prior to calculating EBITA does not include any of the owner optometrist direct payments, whereas with a larger corporate buyer, EBITA will be adjusted such that the expenses do include the normal and customary costs of having to hire all optometrists for the clinic.

16.9X P/E on Investments
Let’s shift a bit now to investment businesses. As of September 30, 2022, the S&P/TSX Composite markets had an average price to earnings of 16.9X.

Essentially this means that if you were to buy into the aforementioned market that day, you would have paid 16.9X the average earnings per share of all the companies listed. Think of it this way: It would take you nearly 17 years to recoup your costs if earnings for the business don’t increase.

Is that a good price?
Well, it depends. Let’s look at the stock price and earnings for CISCO, an American-based multinational digital communications technology conglomerate headquartered in California.  This has been a very profitable business, growing it’s net income by 315% from March 27, 2000 to September 28, 2021.  It’s a really good business.

However, if you bought the business on March 27, 2000, when there was a lot of upward speculation for the growth of the company and trading was at a peak, you would have paid 226X P/E. That’s really expensive.

And even with the growth CISCO saw through to September 28, 2021, your investment would still be down 33% on market stock price. That’s a bad Investment.

The Price You Pay
The price you pay for an investment is one of the key determinants on whether or not you have a good investment. It might not be everything, but price really does matter a LOT. If you are buying a new practice, you want to be able to pay it off in a reasonable time period. If you are looking for a good investment, you want a good business at a good price, and when markets are down, there are definitely some good bargains to be had.

Advisory
As your Chief Financial Officer, I am here to help you make smart investments, whether it’s buying a practice or upgrading your portfolio. Helping you understand your money and assisting you in making smart decisions about your debt repayment, insurance protection, tax management and wealth creation, are just some of ways that I work as your fiduciary.

Have more questions than answers? Educating you is just one piece of being your personal CFO that we do. Call (780-261-3098) or email (Roxanne@C3wealthadvisors.ca) today to set up your next conversation with us.

Roxanne Arnal is a former Optometrist, Professional Corporation President, and practice owner. Today she is on a mission of Empowering You & Your Wealth with Clarity, Confidence & Control.

These articles are for information purposes only and are not a replacement for personal financial planning. Everyone’s circumstances and needs are different. Errors and Omissions exempt.

ROXANNE ARNAL,

Optometrist and Certified Financial Planner

Roxanne Arnal graduated from UW School of Optometry in 1995 and is a past-president of the Alberta Association of Optometrists (AAO) and the Canadian Association of Optometry Students (CAOS).  She subsequently built a thriving optometric practice in rural Alberta.

Roxanne took the decision in  2012 to leave optometry and become a financial planning professional.  She now focuses on providing services to Optometrists with a plan to parlay her unique expertise to help optometric practices and their families across the country meet their goals through astute financial planning and decision making.

Roxanne splits EWO podcast hosting duties with Dr. Glen Chiasson.

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Life Insurance That Changes With You

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Before we leave all the insurance talk,  I wanted to draw your attention to a few of the opportunities with life insurance.

Despite life insurance paying out on death, it does have the ability to not only support the lives of your loved ones when you are not there, it can also provide you with several living benefits.

Living Perks of Life Insurance
All life insurance policies can be assigned to a lender.

We often see this where a bank, offering a sizeable business loan for example, will request that key persons for the success of the business be insured. Best practice is to set up personally or corporately owned insurance as the case may be, rather than creditor insurance, which does not provide you with flexibility down the road.

In addition, you can also borrow directly from the cash surrender value of a permanent life insurance policy. This can be set up multiple ways and can be a great source of funds to help set up your business expansion while maintaining insurance coverage and offer an alternate source for income in retirement.

How Does Life Insurance Change with You?
The more advanced concepts of using life insurance to provide benefits while you are still alive is often something that doesn’t become relevant until your mid or late career.

In many cases, the initial cost of permanent life insurance premiums deter clients from setting up these policies at the beginning of their career.

As a result, most clients will purchase more premium affordable short term life insurance early in their adult lives. In order to create a policy that can change with you, you will want to ensure your term insurance is both renewable and convertible.

Renewable Term Life Insurance
Renewable term insurance means that after your initial purchased time period of insurance coverage, say ten years, the policy will automatically renew for a new term at the contracted new rates, up until it’s expiry, usually at age 85 for term life insurance.

These rates are printed in your policy so you are aware of how the premiums will change with your increasing age. Renewing a term life insurance policy also means that you don’t need to undergo the application process again. This is especially valuable if your health has changed since your initial application.

Convertibility For Changing Needs
On top of any need for ongoing life insurance to financially assist your loved ones, you may also find yourself looking for additional long-term strategies as your career advances.

In addition to the above mentioned living perks of life insurance, you may need final taxation management and estate strategies, such as maximization, equalization and charitable giving.

Convertible term policies will permit you to change your plan to permanent insurance, thereby moving from a rental form of insurance to life long coverage (as long as the premium requirements are met).

And like renewability, you don’t have to undergo the application process again, risking premium ratings or a decline of coverage due to changes in your health or family health history.

Business Owned Life Insurance
We often speak about “savings buckets” and since the 2017/2018 CRA changes, saving for retirement in a corporation is no longer the benefit it used to be. Permanent life insurance is still one way that you can create tax efficient savings in your corporation.

In addition, this can help preserve your small business tax rate from passive earnings erosion. Remember however, if you are planning to sell your corporation down the road, you don’t necessarily want to sell this asset with the business, so it will be important to structure this strategy efficiently so that it will truly achieve your goals down the road.

Products That Serve You Today & Tomorrow
Life insurance is one product that not only serves your immediate needs, but if structured properly can serve you well into the future. Understanding how life insurance can be an asset class onto itself will help prepare you for the future you are dreaming of.

Read Previous Article – DISABILITY INSURANCE: MORE THAN INCOME REPLACEMENT

Advisory
As your Chief Financial Officer, I am here to help you understand your money and assist you in making smart decisions about your debt repayment, insurance protection, tax management and wealth creation. I work as your fiduciary to ensure that your best interests are always placed first and foremost.

Have more questions than answers? Educating you is just one piece of being your personal CFO that we do. Call (780-261-3098) or email (Roxanne@C3wealthadvisors.ca) today to set up your next conversation with us.

Roxanne Arnal is a former Optometrist, Professional Corporation President, and practice owner. Today she is on a mission of Empowering You & Your Wealth with Clarity, Confidence & Control.

These articles are for information purposes only and are not a replacement for personal financial planning. Everyone’s circumstances and needs are different. Errors and Omissions exempt.

ROXANNE ARNAL,

Optometrist and Certified Financial Planner

Roxanne Arnal graduated from UW School of Optometry in 1995 and is a past-president of the Alberta Association of Optometrists (AAO) and the Canadian Association of Optometry Students (CAOS).  She subsequently built a thriving optometric practice in rural Alberta.

Roxanne took the decision in  2012 to leave optometry and become a financial planning professional.  She now focuses on providing services to Optometrists with a plan to parlay her unique expertise to help optometric practices and their families across the country meet their goals through astute financial planning and decision making.

Roxanne splits EWO podcast hosting duties with Dr. Glen Chiasson.

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Disability Insurance: More than Income Replacement

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Disability insurance is one of those things none of us really wants to own, let alone claim.

However, you are your greatest asset and as such, you do need to protect yourself, your family and your net worth in the event you should develop a serious illness or long-term injury.

But, did you know there are other forms of disability insurance that can be extremely valuable if you are a business owner?

Business Office Overhead
How long could your business run if you weren’t there? Would you have to lay off your entire staff? Drain your bank accounts to keep the doors open?

How quickly could you get a locum in or extend your associate’s work hours to compensate for an extended and unplanned leave?

Business office overhead disability insurance is a reimbursement based product that can be used to cover expenses to keep your office open up to 24 months after the start of a claim. It does not cover your salary however, so you will still need income replacement disability coverage for that. Keeping your business going while you recover, finding a replacement or arranging a sale will be key to ensuring that you don’t unnecessarily cripple your entire financial future.

Disability Loan Protection
In some instances, you can actually purchase a disability plan that covers your business loan payments. This is especially important if you have recently purchased a practice from another practitioner and have fairly sizeable loans. This type of plan is often less costly than the business office overhead plan, and like the business office overhead, it helps keep your investment secure for your return, or eventual sale.

Disability Buy Sell Insurance
So, you have business partners. This can provide you with some extra comfort to keep those doors open and business expenses covered, but what happens if your partner isn’t able to return to work? How long do you want to keep covering those expenses for a partner who isn’t coming back to work? And if you are the disabled party, how long do you want to hold onto your share of the practice for?

Disability Buy Sell coverage provides you with a funding mechanism that can assist the healthy partner in buying out their disabled partner. Although premiums come with a cost, they are typically far less expensive than paying out of profits. These plans can be triggered at various stages based on what fits your business marriage, often 18 or 24 months. Such plans also provide you with a clear definition of when the disability buy/sell clause in your partnership/unanimous shareholder agreement gets triggered, helping to take the emotion and personal decision out of the equation.

Claim Start
All disability plans have an elimination period. This is the period of time you have to wait before benefits will begin. It may be as little as one day with a hospital claim rider, or up to 24 months. The longer the elimination period the lower the premiums will tend to be. There is typically a sweet spot where lengthening the elimination period isn’t worth the drop in premium cost, so it is worth the conversation.

In addition, claims are always paid in arrears. This means that you won’t actually see a cheque until the end of the next 30 days after your elimination period. From a cash flow perspective, you need to ensure that you can financially support yourself and your business for an extra 30 days past the elimination period.

So Much Insurance
Insurance can be a lot more complicated that it appears on the surface, so it’s important to know that your agent has asked you all the right questions and truly understands your situation and cash flow in order to provide you with the best advice they can.

Like with all types of insurance, we really should be focusing our premium dollars on what would cause us the greatest harm should the event occur. Disability is truly a greatest harm scenario.

We don’t like being sick or injured. We often have additional expenses because of the disability, and it may not impact our overall lifespan.

So, protecting yourself from the greatest harm is key (wear your seatbelt and eat healthy) and protecting your assets from a great threat is vital.

Advisory
As your Chief Financial Officer, I am here to help you understand your money and assist you in making smart decisions about your debt repayment, insurance protection, tax management and wealth creation.

Have more questions than answers? Educating you is just one piece of being your personal CFO that we do. Call (780-261-3098) or email (Roxanne@C3wealthadvisors.ca) today to set up your next conversation with us.

Roxanne Arnal is a former Optometrist, Professional Corporation President, and practice owner. Today she is on a mission of Empowering You & Your Wealth with Clarity, Confidence & Control.

These articles are for information purposes only and are not a replacement for personal financial planning. Everyone’s circumstances and needs are different. Errors and Omissions exempt.

ROXANNE ARNAL,

Optometrist and Certified Financial Planner

Roxanne Arnal graduated from UW School of Optometry in 1995 and is a past-president of the Alberta Association of Optometrists (AAO) and the Canadian Association of Optometry Students (CAOS).  She subsequently built a thriving optometric practice in rural Alberta.

Roxanne took the decision in  2012 to leave optometry and become a financial planning professional.  She now focuses on providing services to Optometrists with a plan to parlay her unique expertise to help optometric practices and their families across the country meet their goals through astute financial planning and decision making.

Roxanne splits EWO podcast hosting duties with Dr. Glen Chiasson.

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Starting to Practice? Celebrate and then Prepare.

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You have likely been a student for over 19 years of your life. You have had summer jobs and after school employment. You might have even taken a gap year to travel or work and save up some money. But now it’s time to “adult up”.

Without a doubt, this is both an exciting and scary time of your life. This September, you won’t be returning to school. When it seems like everyone else is rushing around in “Back to School” mode, you’ll be performing a ream of eye exams on children and teens.

So what does this next chapter look like?  What are some of the new expenses you can now expect?

First …Celebrate!
You truly deserve to celebrate your accomplishment. But keep your celebration within reason, because the money isn’t free flowing yet, and likely won’t be for some time as real world expenses are about to begin.

Licensing Fees
In Canada, you will need to make application and pay the provincial licensing fee. In most provinces, there is a College of Optometry, the self-regulating authority that ensures that practicing members are fit to practice.

Separate from the mandatory College registration, there may also be a voluntary Association membership in some regions. Although these fees are voluntary, they do go to support the profession at a provincial level by negotiating with provincial health and other third party payers of eye exams and some eyewear.

In addition, your association is your voice in the advancement of the profession and is responsible for the delivery of continuing education. I encourage you to make your association part of your annual involvement, both in financial support and for it’s professional value.

Liability Insurance
Part of filing your College registration is proof of malpractice insurance. Unfortunately our world has become more litigious and the premium cost of liability insurance has increased. Ensure that your insurer provides broad coverage and has a good history of practitioner support.

Financial Aid Repayment
All that education has likely created a significant financial obligation that we call “Good Debt”. That is, debt that evolves from building an asset – in this case – your professional education.

It may even be “Best Debt” if it is government student debt where the interest is tax deductible. This doesn’t mean that repayment should be delayed however.

Significant debt can impact your ability to get a mortgage and it keeps following you around. If you are able to maintain your frugal student lifestyle for a bit longer, you’ll be surprised how quickly you can chunk away your debt and start saving for your first home.

Income Replacement Insurance
You’ve worked hard to earn that degree and you are, without a doubt, your greatest asset. It is therefore critical that you insure your ability to earn an income in the event of disability.

Disability income replacement plans come with many different features. Understanding what best meets your needs today and for the future is critical.

Keep in mind that medical underwriting is typically most favourable while you are still young, so it is best to get this conversation started as soon as possible.

Why is it more favourable when you are still young? As optometrists, we encourage regular eye exams to stay on top of changing medical conditions- the same is true when it comes to your own medical history. The longer you live, the longer the opportunity for your medical history (or your family – parents, siblings, grandparents, etc.) to change, which can affect YOUR insurance premiums!

Legal Services
The vast majority of your new opportunities will come with contracts. Before you sign on the dotted line it is worth your time and money to sit with a lawyer and ensure you understand the benefits and limitations of any contracts you are entering into.

You don’t know what you don’t know, and trust me- getting proper advise is imperative to your satisfaction in your career and personal wealth.

Taxes
Income taxes are a significant part of your new reality. If you are an employee, a portion of each renumeration will be withheld and sent to the CRA on your behalf. Although the withheld amount is calculated as per government tables, it is not always accurate, so you should set aside some additional funds each pay period to avoid a surprise on tax filing next spring.

If you are self employed, your first year of income will arrive without any withholdings. When you file your taxes in the spring you will be on the hook for both the employee and employer portion of Canada Pension Plan contributions, as well as, your income taxes.

You’ll also have the opportunity for some business deductions, so it’s important to establish some sort of organization to ensure you’re not losing that important paper trail!

As a general rule, I recommend you set aside 25-30% of every dollar you earn. As the year starts to wind up, we should have a conversation around some tax planning for the current year and to prepare for the following year, when you will have, hopefully, a full 12 months of income.

Advisory
As your Chief Financial Officer, I’m here to help you understand your money and assist you in making smart decisions about your debt repayment, insurance protection, tax management and wealth creation.

Have more questions than answers? Educating you is just one piece of being your personal CFO that we do. Call (780-261-3098) or email (Roxanne@C3wealthadvisors.ca) today to set up your next conversation with us.

Roxanne Arnal is a former Optometrist, Professional Corporation President, and practice owner. Today she is on a mission Empowering You & Your Wealth with Clarity, Confidence & Control.

These articles are for information purposes only and are not a replacement for personal financial planning. Everyone’s circumstances and needs are different. Errors and Omissions exempt.

ROXANNE ARNAL,

Optometrist and Certified Financial Planner

Roxanne Arnal graduated from UW School of Optometry in 1995 and is a past-president of the Alberta Association of Optometrists (AAO) and the Canadian Association of Optometry Students (CAOS).  She subsequently built a thriving optometric practice in rural Alberta.

Roxanne took the decision in  2012 to leave optometry and become a financial planning professional.  She now focuses on providing services to Optometrists with a plan to parlay her unique expertise to help optometric practices and their families across the country meet their goals through astute financial planning and decision making.

Roxanne splits EWO podcast hosting duties with Dr. Glen Chiasson.

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Basic Principles of Investing

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You invest in many things. You invest in your education, your home, a new car. You might even invest in the stock market or by purchasing your own practice. Some of these investments will do well and others…maybe not so well.

We’ve discussed it before – that unless you are investing in a classic car that has shown significant appreciation to collectors, your vehicle is not an investment. Your home can be in a similar predicament based on your entry price, repairs needed, and time horizon. I do hope that your education has been a worthwhile investment showing a great return to date!

Today, let’s focus on what most people consider to be investing: the stock market!

Investing in Good Businesses
It probably goes without saying- the best investments are those in businesses you know and understand. Investing in yourself and your practice is, in most cases, a very good investment. By being actively involved in your business you have the capacity to control your future success of the overall investment.

When it comes to investing in other peoples businesses or the public market (stocks or mutual funds as an example), do you take the same approach? Do you look at the business in detail? Do you analyze their financials? Do you interview the key decision makers? Do you review the mergers and acquisitions and expansion policies?

And what makes a good business ‘good’?

Definition of a Good Business
Just like in making your decision to purchase into an optometry practice, making investment decisions in the private and public markets should be based on the same sound principles.

Does the business make more money than it spends? Does the business have significant competition risk? Are you getting in for a good price? You wouldn’t buy an optometric practice that ran a deficit every year and held significant debt, would you?

Financial Capacity
Market price is one thing, but it doesn’t tell you the profitability of a business. It tells you what someone is currently willing to pay for the business. And because the vast majority of people don’t buy stocks based on sound business principles, these offers can be low or outrageously high.

What does it mean for a business to spend less than it earns? First off, the business needs to create revenue in excess of their expenses. Sounds simple enough on the surface until we take a deeper look. Does the business have excess profits to continue to meet their debt obligations? Are they reinvesting in themselves to continue to grow and expand? And as an owner, are they making enough money to pay you a piece of the rewards of ownership? Personally, If I’m taking on the risk of owning a business, any business, I want to get paid along the way for taking that risk.

Sustainably Profitable
We want businesses that will be here for the long term. True investing involves a longer term buy and hold position. You typically wouldn’t buy a practice with the intention to sell it within six months, would you?

The same is true for your external investments- you want businesses that you know will be around for the long run. You want businesses that won’t disappear if inflation gets too high. Businesses that are ultimately difficult to live without, difficult to replicate, and difficult to compete with. As an example, one of the easiest businesses that fits that definition would be a railroad. Can you imagine someone trying to recreate a railroad across Canada today?

Price Matters
When we look at optometric practices we often hear terms like 3-5 times EBITA  (see more about this in our article on How to Read Your Corporate Financial Statement).  Similar to EBITA, the stock market uses a Price to Earnings ratio. What price is the company selling for in relation to its earnings? The price is determined by the market price per share multiplied by all shares issued. For example, Shopify was trading at 350.08 price to earnings on June 3, 2022. Is that reasonable? If we apply the principal of time, this is saying that it would take you 350 years to recoup your cost to buy Shopify based on their profits alone. I’m pretty sure I won’t live that long.

Speculating vs Investing
Sticking with our example of Shopify, on March 25, 2022, the stock was trading at just 29.53 price to earnings (PE). If you had bought it then, you would have paid, in my opinion, a far more reasonable price for it as the 2021 year end net income per share was recorded at $23.38.

So how did Shopify get to a 350.08 PE valuation a couple of months later? Someone was willing to pay an inflated price for it under the assumption that they could sell it to someone else at an even higher price.

Let’s face it, we all want to make money investing. However, when you buy a business based on hopes of resale rather than the underlying value of the business, you are really speculating, more commonly known as gambling. This is not sound investing. And remember, for every person you hear about that makes a lot of money on a speculation gone right, you aren’t hearing about all the people who lost that money on their speculation gone wrong.

Sleep is Good
The stock exchange markets have been very volatile this past bit. We’ve seen it happen with Reddit and Gamestop; or Trump and a Tweet. Someone says something and it spread like wildfire. Is that enough to know you are making a sound investment?

If your crazy neighbour is leaning over the fence and making grossly overpriced offers to buy your house one day and low ball offers the next, does this truly indicate the value of your home? Emotional attachment to your home aside, this is just your neighbour being speculative. This can be very unsettling.

If you know that you own good businesses and that you purchased them at good prices and that they are paying you appropriately to own them, it’s a lot easier to sleep at night.

What is your goal?
Investing is designed to save for your future. Your future home down payment, your future dream vacation, your future freedom from work. Investing should be in businesses that can fulfil this requirement.

Personally, I want to see my money earn me money. I want the businesses I own to pay me. I want to be able to sleep at night and not be worried that doubling down on black might make my savings disappear in a single spin of the roulette ball.

Advisory
As your Chief Financial Officer, I’m here to help you understand your money and assist you in making smart decisions about your wealth.

Have more questions than answers? Educating you is just one piece of being your personal CFO that we do. Call (780-261-3098) or email (Roxanne@C3wealthadvisors.ca) today to set up your next conversation with us.

Roxanne Arnal is a former Optometrist, Professional Corporation President, and practice owner. Today she is on a mission Empowering You & Your Wealth with Clarity, Confidence & Control.

These articles are for information purposes only and are not a replacement for personal financial planning. Everyone’s circumstances and needs are different. Errors and Omissions exempt.

Reference for Shopify: https://ycharts.com/companies/SHOP.TO/pe_ratio and Sedar.com

ROXANNE ARNAL,

Optometrist and Certified Financial Planner

Roxanne Arnal graduated from UW School of Optometry in 1995 and is a past-president of the Alberta Association of Optometrists (AAO) and the Canadian Association of Optometry Students (CAOS).  She subsequently built a thriving optometric practice in rural Alberta.

Roxanne took the decision in  2012 to leave optometry and become a financial planning professional.  She now focuses on providing services to Optometrists with a plan to parlay her unique expertise to help optometric practices and their families across the country meet their goals through astute financial planning and decision making.

Roxanne splits EWO podcast hosting duties with Dr. Glen Chiasson.

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Tackling Debt from Student Loans to Credit Card

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I’m not sure why, but for some reason we love using football analogies in financial speak. I quarterback, you receive, and we tackle.

As we move into the summer, we are more jubilant and with that, we can have a tendency to overspend and forget about our financial plan.

To refocus, remember that your financial plan is really about what you want to achieve. So despite the lure to buy things that media is so great at convincing us we need, take a step back and ask yourself, “Does this purchase meet my cash flow and/or financial plan?”. (Wait, if you don’t have one, skip to the end and call me! Let’s get you working on building your wealth!)

The vast majority of young professionals have started their adult careers with a significant amount of debt, stemming largely from student loans. You may have also been dazzled by the glitter of a new car, a downtown condo, and in my case, a very expensive winter coat for our return to Winterpeg.

All of this can lead to an amount of debt that weighs you down and feels insurmountable.

Living the Good Life
You have worked hard to get where you are. You’re a doctor and with that often comes the expectation to live a lifestyle well beyond your current means. After sacrificing for years, you are now making money and want to enjoy it.

Absolutely! However, will a lifestyle of the rich and famous actually lead you to be rich and famous or will it lead you to a lifetime of debt?

If you could wave a magic wand and make your money do anything for you in the next 6-18 months, what would it do?

Are you taking the necessary steps to make this happen? Are you setting yourself up for success or will you always be chasing that next intermittent “high” from purchases? If you set yourself up properly and take action now, your magic wand doesn’t need to be magical.

Two Methods for Tackling Debt
There are two common methods for tackling debt – you know, take it down! Both methods focus on the getting rid of your debt in a time effective manner. When you gather all your debt information, you will want to review:

  1. Who do you owe?
  2. How much do you owe them?
  3. What is the interest rate?
  4. Are there any special terms on repayment, like 6 months interest free?
  5. What are the minimum payments?

Debt Snowball
The snowball method uses the concept of starting with a small pack of snow and essentially rolling it around your yard until you make a giant snow boulder. You start small, but as you keep going, you pick up momentum and before you know it, you have tackled a lot of that debt!

In this method, you pay off your smallest debt first – just get rid of it! Then move on to the next smallest. By decreasing the number of debts on your plate, you build significant positive emotions and reinforce your behaviour. You can see real progress.

Remember, you should also be making the minimum payments on all your debts while you are lump sum reducing the smallest. And as you remove the smaller debt minimum payments, you now have even more lump sum money to throw at the larger payments.

And voila – you have won the snowball fight (and waved that magic wand).

Debt Avalanche
The debt avalanche uses a slightly different approach. Just like in the debt snowball you will continue to make your minimum monthly payments on all your debts. However, here you will focus on your debt with the highest interest rate first for your lump sum additional debt repayments. The idea is to make your debt come quickly crashing down.

Which is Better
Depending on who you ask you will get a different answer and generally speaking, the approach that works better for you depends on….YOU!

If you’re someone who frets about interest, then use the debt avalanche. If you’re someone that gets easily off track, then use the debt snowball.

Positive reinforcement is a powerful thing and should never be underestimated, even if it means you’ll pay a few dollars more in interest. And, if you are someone whose highest debt is 100% consumer credit card debt – you do need to ask yourself why your credit card is racked up in the first place.

High Interest Credit Card Debt
Understanding why you overspend on consumer goods is critical to truly tackling debt. There is really no benefit to paying off your highest debt credit card first if you are just going to run it back up again. This type of behaviour is not only counter-productive, but it’s also morally deflating.

Debt is Bad
Understanding that debt is bad and ultimately steals from your future is step one to getting on the field. Having the self-discipline to get rid of debt is a life skill worth developing.

Even if your extra lump sum payments are only $20 this month, put it towards your debt and then celebrate with a beverage from your fridge – one you have already paid for! Every dollar paying down your debt will get you closer to financial freedom.

That being said, there is such a thing as good debt and best debt.

Good Debt Best Debt
Not all debt is bad. Consumer debt is horrible. Good debt actually allows you to build your wealth. Buying a home is good debt. But beware, even good debt needs to fit within you cash flow. It’s good only if you are paying it down and have a plan to eliminate it.

Best Debt is debt that not only builds your wealth, but where the interest is tax deductible. In many cases this does include your student debt. It can also include the purchase of a business. Using debt to build your wealth is a much bigger conversation and should be done as part of your financial planning.

Advisory
Circle back to your plan and take an honest look at why your debt exists in the first place. Then make a true commitment to yourself. Growing wealth is really as simple as that.

As your Chief Financial Officer, I’m here to help you understand your money and assist you in making smart decisions about your wealth.

Have more questions than answers? Educating you is just one piece of being your personal CFO that we do. Call (780-261-3098) or email (Roxanne@claritywealthadvisory.ca) today to set up your next conversation with us.

Roxanne Arnal is a former Optometrist, Professional Corporation President, and practice owner. Today she is on a mission Empowering You & Your Wealth.

These articles are for information purposes only and are not a replacement for personal financial planning. Everyone’s circumstances and needs are different. Errors and Omissions exempt.

 

ROXANNE ARNAL,

Optometrist and Certified Financial Planner

Roxanne Arnal graduated from UW School of Optometry in 1995 and is a past-president of the Alberta Association of Optometrists (AAO) and the Canadian Association of Optometry Students (CAOS).  She subsequently built a thriving optometric practice in rural Alberta.

Roxanne took the decision in  2012 to leave optometry and become a financial planning professional.  She now focuses on providing services to Optometrists with a plan to parlay her unique expertise to help optometric practices and their families across the country meet their goals through astute financial planning and decision making.

Roxanne splits EWO podcast hosting duties with Dr. Glen Chiasson.

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How to Read your Corporate Financial Statement

Accounting Basics, Finance|Wealth, Resources

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Annually we take our corporate financial documents to the accountant and about 90 days later we return to pick up the financial statement. We meet with the accountant who highlights a few aspects, tells us how much tax we owe and present their invoice for payment. Often we walk out thinking “I have no idea what he was talking about”. We proceed to pay the taxes and the invoice and then file the package away until next year.

The reality is that to be an effective business owner and build up a practice that have value beyond you being the doctor, you need to understand the document.

When you measure something you begin to have control over it. You have the ability to impact change and increase the value of what is likely your largest material asset.

So today, a quick preliminary lesson on your corporate financial statement.

The Balance Sheet
This is the overall financial picture of your business. It represents your assets (good things the business has) and your liabilities (the money you owe).

To make these two numbers match, the shareholder’s equity/deficit section includes the retained earnings (deficit). This is how the balance sheet balances what you have in the business.

Assets
Assets are typically separated into Current Assets, Long Term Investments, and Property & Equipment.

Current assets are those items that are typically easily accessible or readily available to turn into cash. This section will include the money you have in your bank accounts at year end (cash) and the money other people owe you (accounts receivable). Here is where you will also find your inventory value.

Other assets will typically make reference to “Notes”. The Notes section is where additional details are laid out related to the items listed. On the Asset side, these often include any long-term investments like the art you may have on your office walls, and corporate owned life insurance cash values.

Corporate owned marketable securities (investments) will also be listed in one of these categories.

Property & Equipment is sometimes listed as Capital Assets depending on the accountant. In any event, these are larger cost items that are subject to depreciation schedules. Depreciation is how the value of a capital asset is reduced over time as you use it. More details on the depreciation of an asset class can be found in the Notes to the Financials as well.

If you purchased the corporation from someone else, you likely paid a soft fee called Goodwill. Goodwill represents the value of the business that was attributed to the none-numerical value of the business assets at the time of purchase. This often represents the good reputation and value of repeat business for a corporation.

Liabilities
Liabilities refer to the money you owe, or in this case, the money your corporation owes someone else. This might include banks, yourself (shareholder loan), taxation, utility companies, etc. You get the idea.

Shareholder’s Equity
Shareholder’s equity is generally made up of two parts. Share capital refers to the amount of cash the shareholder’s paid to buy their shares of the corporation. For most of us, this is a nominal amount.

Retained earnings refers to the numerical value you have created in your company. If this is a deficit, it means you owe more than your company assets are worth. In other words, if you sold everything at current valuation, you would still have outstanding debt.

The Income Statement
This is where you will see the revenue that the corporation brought in during the past year. For most optometric practices, the cost of goods will be taken off this value to create what is called the Gross Profit, or “how much money you made before you had to pay for expenses”.

Operating expenses are then listed – either in alphabetical order (gosh I wish all accountants listed it this way), or from highest to lowest cost amount. There are general classifications of expenses that most accountants use based on the tax rules with each item.

Once you subtract out the expenses from your gross profit, you are left with “Earnings from Operations”.

Next comes the broad category of “Other Income” which typically represents revenue generated from your investments and any rental income you collected.

Note that rental income will appear here for most optometrists because being a landlord is NOT the main business of your corporation. These are listed separately because (a) they are not derived from the active business activities of the corporation, and (b) because they are taxed at a different rate.

This brings you to “Earnings before Income Taxes”, then “Income Taxes” and finally “Net Earnings” or “Net Income”. This is the final measure of how profitable your business was during the year.

Bank Accounts
So how come the “net income” amount isn’t what is in your bank account?

Glad you asked. The biggest reason is often that net income is impacted by “Amortization and Depreciation”, yet your bank account may have paid for the asset (think “piece of equipment”) with cash. Here is where we open up the conversation to leasing vs loan vs cash purchasing. That is a bigger topic for another day.

Dividends
If you elect to take dividends (profits) out of your company, these will be deducted from your net income, after taxes are paid, and will appear on your financials before the balance of your earnings are counted towards your retained earnings on the balance sheet.

Notes to Financials
The notes section should provide additional details about various line items on both your balance sheet and income statement. They will outline the total cost of equipment, how much has been claimed under depreciation, and what the net value of that equipment is now. These are generally lumped into different categories based on their tax treatment.

Computer equipment for example, depreciates at a much quicker rate than optometric equipment, because computers have a very limited life span on them. Having said that, even if your exam room equipment has been depreciated down to $1, it likely still has a greater resale value.

The net book value simply refers to the value of the asset from a tax perspective. Generally speaking however, if the net book value of an asset is $1, that might be all someone is willing to pay you for it. And then we come to the subject of determining a selling price for your practice, another big topic!

Advisory
As your Chief Financial Officer, I’m here to help you understand the money things in your business and personal life.

Have more questions than answers? Educating you is just one piece of being your personal CFO that we do. Call (780-261-3098) or email (Roxanne@claritywealthadvisory.ca) today to set up your next conversation with us.

Roxanne Arnal is a former Optometrist, Professional Corporation President, and practice owner. Today she is on a mission Empowering You & Your Wealth.

These articles are for information purposes only and are not a replacement for personal financial planning. Everyone’s circumstances and needs are different. Errors and Omissions exempt.

ROXANNE ARNAL,

Optometrist and Certified Financial Planner

Roxanne Arnal graduated from UW School of Optometry in 1995 and is a past-president of the Alberta Association of Optometrists (AAO) and the Canadian Association of Optometry Students (CAOS).  She subsequently built a thriving optometric practice in rural Alberta.

Roxanne took the decision in  2012 to leave optometry and become a financial planning professional.  She now focuses on providing services to Optometrists with a plan to parlay her unique expertise to help optometric practices and their families across the country meet their goals through astute financial planning and decision making.

Roxanne splits EWO podcast hosting duties with Dr. Glen Chiasson.

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Why Would I use Insurance as an Investment?

Building Wealth, Finance|Wealth, Resources

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Did you even know insurance can be an investment tool? Why would you ever want to do such a thing? Well, the simple answer is taxation.

Permanent Life Insurance
Two general forms of life insurance can help build your wealth.

Universal life insurance is like a term to age 100 policy that has a side investment account. You have the option to use the side account at any time. This is a great feature as you can secure the life insurance coverage you need today and hold onto the investment contribution room until you have excess cash to deposit.

Similar to purchasing mutual funds, a universal life insurance policy usually has a small selection of funds to invest in.

Whole life refers to a life insurance policy that has a dividend. The dividend can be set, often called non-participating, or it can be variable and dependent on an investment pool created and held by the insurer, called participating.

There are many dividend options to pick from and you should review your selected option from time to time to ensure the policy is still meeting all your needs. In most cases, a paid-up addition dividend option will help your policy values increase and typically outpace inflation so that the purchasing power of your benefit is maintained at the very least.

When you purchase a permanent life insurance product, you will be provided with an illustration that shows how the cash values might grow in the future.

Like any investment, there is no guarantee of long-term performance and typically these policies are designed for the long term as we want you to live a long and fruitful life. It is therefore important to also see the illustration of values showing 2% less growth so that you have a better understanding of some of the risks.

Risk?
All investments have risks. Having said that, the risk built into a life insurance contract is typically far less than the traditional marketplace.

Because the insurance company relies on their own investments in order to take your premiums and grow them to a point where they can pay claims, they tend to select lower-risk investments, have access to institutional funds, and lower management fees than many individuals do on their own.

Beware of illustrations that show you a high rate of return and minimize your premium payments by showing a high dependence on policy growth. It was quite common before the end of the last century to illustrate policies with double-digit growth.

The reality however was that most companies had to greatly reduce their growth payments and these policies started to implode. That policy that you thought would be there for life and provide a retirement supplement, was quickly disappearing to cover the base insurance cost.*

*If you think you might have an imploding policy, ask your advisor for an in-force illustration using the current growth rate and another showing 2% less. There are options to salvage what you have left if you act sooner rather than later.

Can Insurance Create Retirement Income?
Here is where things get interesting. A healthy life insurance policy with a decent investment side account can serve to not only cover your estate taxes at death, clear your debts, and provide a legacy to your family or charity, it can also be used to fund your lifestyle or other expenses while you are alive.

Typically, the value of the policy can be used as collateral for a bank loan, a policy loan (where you are your own banker), or partial surrender. There are various options depending on your need and long-term desires.

What About the Taxes?
When investments grow inside a life insurance policy, as long as the deposits stay under the contribution line, they grow tax-free. Keep in mind, that how you remove the money later in life may create a taxable event. Typically, if you access the money through a collateral or policy loan, there is no taxation.

Business Owned Policies
Here is where it gets really interesting. Growth from investments held by your business are deemed passive income and are taxed at the highest business tax rate. So being aware of the tax-saving opportunities for business investments is important.

Using life insurance can provide a great option for sheltering some business funds. Again, how you access these funds may trigger taxation – so you need to be aware of all the ins and outs of what you are trying to accomplish.

We didn’t even mention how investing in your life insurance contract can help you preserve the small business deduction tax rate on your active income!

When using a business-owned policy, you also need to be aware of how this investment and your life insurance coverage would be impacted by a change of business ownership.

Advisory
As your Chief Financial Officer, I’m here to help you understand the various tools available to you and your business to build your wealth. There are many factors to consider and understanding your goals is key to building a plan that serves you today and well into the future – as your life changes.

Have more questions than answers? Educating you is just one piece of being your personal CFO that I offer. Call (780-261-3098) or email (Roxanne@claritywealthadvisory.ca) today to set up your next conversation with us.

Roxanne Arnal is a former Optometrist, Professional Corporation President, and practice owner. Today she is on a mission to Empower You & Your Wealth.

These articles are for information purposes only and are not a replacement for personal financial planning. Everyone’s circumstances and needs are different. Errors and Omissions exempt.

ROXANNE ARNAL,

Optometrist and Certified Financial Planner

Roxanne Arnal graduated from UW School of Optometry in 1995 and is a past-president of the Alberta Association of Optometrists (AAO) and the Canadian Association of Optometry Students (CAOS).  She subsequently built a thriving optometric practice in rural Alberta.

Roxanne took the decision in  2012 to leave optometry and become a financial planning professional.  She now focuses on providing services to Optometrists with a plan to parlay her unique expertise to help optometric practices and their families across the country meet their goals through astute financial planning and decision making.

Roxanne splits EWO podcast hosting duties with Dr. Glen Chiasson.

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Setting Up Your Business Marriage for Success

Finance|Wealth, Human Resources, Managing Others, Planning, Tax & Legal Matters

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Dr. Roxanne Arnal, CFP®

Are you considering joining another optometrist in an ownership position? This is what I call a business marriage . It’s a coming together of two or more people to operate a business and when two or more people come together, we open ourselves up to great opportunities and also potentially disastrous experiences.

The Good
Let’s face it, we are greater together. When we can tap into the collective brain power of more people, we have the ability to create exceptional things. For an Optometric practice, this can include the ability to grow at a faster pace, share in responsibilities, and to even split up management duties. Which can all be good things.

The start to any great marriage is a strong relationship built out of trust and understanding. It requires honesty and a common vision.

The Bad
We all begin our business marriages as friends. We all start with a mutual respect for each other and recognizing our perceived strengths and weaknesses. Notice that I said “perceived”. But have you had the tough conversations? Have you reviewed how you may respond to bad things happening?

Have you undergone serious strain in this relationship and worked through it to find resolution when things got hard or you disagreed? This is where things can start to fall off the rails.

When I was a practicing Optometrist, I believed that my new partner would be a great co-manager because they enjoyed handling team member issues, where I had grown weary of it. My new partner had also worked as my associate for over five years and I assumed they understood my management philosophy- the one that permitted us to grow exponentially.

Turns out I made a lot of assumptions and failed to recognize the need for honest conversation. It wasn’t that either of us was knowingly misleading the other. It was the result of our perceived understandings and expectations.

Expectations Lead to All Sorts of Misery
When was the last time someone let you down? More likely than not, they had no idea what you were expecting of them and therefore it became virtually impossible for them to meet those expectations. And hence frustration ensued. Emotions rise to the surface and we may or may not move on. Even when we do move on, we rarely forget. Now we are keeping score.

Step One
Similar to marriage preparation courses offered at most churches, a business marriage needs proper planning. Working with a qualified advisor to walk you through all that might go wrong and to bring everyone’s expectations to the surface is step one.

With our clients that are considering a business marriage, we work through a thorough process of interviews and mediation to help them prepare the shareholder/joint venture agreement template to take to their lawyer for drafting. Important conversations that need to be had before any hardship may surface.

Consider all the options and the ‘what if’s’.  No one ever starts their day thinking “Today is the day I’m going to get in a car accident and not be able to go to work for 6 months”. But it has happened- then what?

Legal Execution
I’m a firm believer that any buy/sell agreement should not be executed without the contingent signing of the shareholder/joint venture agreement. Lawyers are great for helping us get through the paperwork, but I will caution you that not all lawyers are of equal competence in this subject matter and a great corporate lawyer executing your buy/sell agreement will often place less importance on the shareholder/joint venture agreement. I challenge you however, that despite looming deadlines, the desire to quickly create a clean year end, or to make the bank deadline, all of these things are less important than having the rules of your business marriage clearly defined and executed. Choosing the right partner in marriage and business both require time, good communication, and the proper paperwork.

Advisory
As your Chief Financial Officer, I’m here to help you create a successful business marriage. Personally, I have lived the results of a poorly created (and never executed) shareholder agreement and a bitter business divorce. I have witnessed other businesses blow up because they were all friends until one partner just stopped coming to work. My experience with the bad has proven that we can’t leave something so critically important to chance.

I help you manage a team of financial professionals and ensure that you have thought about the potential issues and opportunities. Helping you succeed is our focus.

Have more questions than answers? Educating you is just one piece of being your personal CFO that I offer. Call (780-261-3098) or email (Roxanne@claritywealthadvisory.ca) today to set up your marriage prep.

Roxanne Arnal is a former Optometrist, Professional Corporation President, and practice owner. Today she is on a mission to Empower your Finances.

These articles are for information purposes only and are not a replacement for personal financial planning. Everyone’s circumstances and needs are different. Errors and Omissions exempt.

ROXANNE ARNAL,

Optometrist and Certified Financial Planner

Roxanne Arnal graduated from UW School of Optometry in 1995 and is a past-president of the Alberta Association of Optometrists (AAO) and the Canadian Association of Optometry Students (CAOS).  She subsequently built a thriving optometric practice in rural Alberta.

Roxanne took the decision in  2012 to leave optometry and become a financial planning professional.  She now focuses on providing services to Optometrists with a plan to parlay her unique expertise to help optometric practices and their families across the country meet their goals through astute financial planning and decision making.

Roxanne splits EWO podcast hosting duties with Dr. Glen Chiasson.

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New Year – Financial House Cleaning

Finance|Wealth, Planning, Resources

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Dr. Roxanne Arnal, CFP®

Welcome to a new year! With every new year we make resolutions. We make commitments to ourselves – that may or may not last into February! Many of us also take those last days of the holiday break to clean out a closet, a basement, a garage – clean sweep if you will.

Financially speaking there are a few new year tasks I highly recommend, especially for my young adult clients.

Last Year in Review

How much did you make in 2021? And, how much did you actually spend? Have you physically looked at and reviewed your statements? Part of effective tax planning and living within your means requires you to have a good understanding of your money from the previous year.

Did you make any RRSP contributions in the last year? Should you have contributed more? Did you know that you have the first 60 days of the new year to add to your RRSP for the previous tax year? This is provided for you as a great planning opportunity. If you are subject to tax withholding from your pay at source, adding to your RRSP will typically enhance your tax refund – which in turn I recommend using to add to your TFSA. That aside, if you are self-employed, an RRSP contribution top up will reduce your taxes owing for the last tax year AND decrease the installments needed for the new tax year. Win win!

Expenses

Are you feeling that you don’t have money for an extra RRSP deposit? Perhaps it’s because you have lost track of where all your money goes. If you have never reviewed your spending, I highly recommend you take the time to set up a spread sheet and plug in all your expenses from the past year. Housing is often a number we can calculate off the top of our head with fairly good accuracy. What about how much you spend at Timmie’s or Starbucks? Take out lunch every day? Over-tap and other bank charges adding up? Pull up all your credit card and bank statements and plug in those numbers. Take the time to figure it out early and watch your wealth grow quickly. Knowledge is power.

Create a Better Cash Flow Plan

Now that you know where your money is going, set up a better cash flow plan for the new year. Input realistic projections for your income, add in your mortgage or rental expenses, up your other non-discretionary expenses for inflation, and then decide the best way to allocate your remaining income between living today, saving for short and mid term goals, and your future retirement. Remember, if you spend $60,000 a year now, after debt payments and taxes, you can expect to spend the same (adjusted for inflation) in retirement – unless of course you want to decrease your lifestyle in retirement – but what kind of fun is that?

Update your Net Worth Statement

At least annually, you should update your net worth statement. Like a business balance sheet, your personal net worth statement is the compilation of your assets and your liabilities. Assets are things that have value. Generally speaking, unless you collect cars, your vehicle is more of an expense than an asset. Carry a credit card balance? That’s a liability. If you’d like a template to ensure that you capture all the valuable pieces, send us a request at admin@claritywealthadvisory.ca

Check your Credit Report

Once a year the two main credit agencies in Canada have to provide you a free credit score report. They don’t make it easy, but you can find the contact information online for both Equifax and Transunion and I recommend you request both reports. Not only do you want to review the health of your credit score, you also want to review the list of credit items linked to you and ensure there are no errors. Aside from the obvious, this is also a great way to review if your identity has been compromised financially. It may also remind you about those store credit cards that you applied for years ago to get a discount on your purchase – yet forgot to cancel, or worse, didn’t completely pay off! They will try and entice you to sign up for their paid subscription services or monitoring – watch the fine print. There really isn’t a great reason for ongoing monitoring unless you have been compromised in the past. And please, don’t ever, send your SIN via email.

Clean Sweep

Now that you know where things stand, keep track of your current year cash flow habits. Work to plug those holes in your bucket so that you can truly reap the rewards of your hard work with all the good things you deserve. Happy New Year!

 

As your Chief Financial Officer, I’m here to help you identify your goals, set your plan in place, monitor and adjust it as the wind changes. I help you manage a team of financial professionals and ensure that you have thought about the potential issues and opportunities.

Have more questions than answers? Educating you is just one piece of being your personal CFO that I offer. Call (780-261-3098) or email (Roxanne@claritywealthadvisory.ca) today to start your plan.

Roxanne Arnal is a former Optometrist, Professional Corporation President, and practice owner. Today she is on a mission to Empower your Finances.

These articles are for information purposes only and are not a replacement for personal financial planning. Everyone’s circumstances and needs are different. Errors and Omissions exempt.

References:

https://www.consumer.equifax.ca/personal/help/faq/request-free-copy-credit-report/

https://www.transunion.ca/product/consumer-disclosure

ROXANNE ARNAL,

Optometrist and Certified Financial Planner

Roxanne Arnal graduated from UW School of Optometry in 1995 and is a past-president of the Alberta Association of Optometrists (AAO) and the Canadian Association of Optometry Students (CAOS).  She subsequently built a thriving optometric practice in rural Alberta.

Roxanne took the decision in  2012 to leave optometry and become a financial planning professional.  She now focuses on providing services to Optometrists with a plan to parlay her unique expertise to help optometric practices and their families across the country meet their goals through astute financial planning and decision making.

Roxanne splits EWO podcast hosting duties with Dr. Glen Chiasson.

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